4.1 Learning Objectives

After completing this lab, you should be able to do the following using R:

• Conduct ${\chi }^2$ tests of independence of 2 $\times$ 2 categorical data.
• Compute Cohen’s w and odds ratios.

Additionally, you should be able to do the following:

• Report results of ${\chi }^2$ tests in APA style.
• Correctly interpret the results of ${\chi }^2$ tests, including p values.
• Correctly interpret odds ratios.